40 Powerful Candlestick Patterns: A Complete Trading Guide for Beginner Traders

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Candlesticks are visual representations of price movements over a set period of time, formed by the open, high, low and close prices for that timeframe. Candlesticks convey through their shape and coloring the relationship between the open and close as well as the highs and lows for the time period.

Candlestick charts have been used for over 100 years, originating in 18th century Japanese rice trading. The earliest known use was by famed Japanese rice trader Munehisa Homma in the 1700s. They were later brought to the Western world in the early 20th century by Japanese chartist Sokyu Honma. Steve Nison is credited with popularizing their use in Western technical analysis with his 1991 book “Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques“. Today, candlestick patterns remain one of the most popular methods for technical analysis in financial markets. 

Candlesticks consist of the open, high, low and close prices for a specific period. The thick rectangular ‘body‘ represents the range between the open and close. The thin ‘wicks‘ or ‘shadows’ represent the highs and lows. The coloring of the body conveys whether the close was higher than the open, which is often indicated by green or white, or lower than the open, typically represented by red or black.

Candlestick patterns fall into broad categories that signal potential market movements.
Bullish reversal patterns indicate a shift from downward to upward momentum, while bearish reversals signal a switch from upward to downward momentum.
Continuation patterns suggest the prior trend is likely to persist, whether bullish or bearish. Indecision patterns demonstrate a struggle between buyers and sellers and often precede trend reversals. 

Bullish Reversal Patterns: Bullish reversal patterns in candlestick charts indicate a potential shift from an downtrend to an uptrend, suggesting that buyers are starting to dominate the market. Let’s dive into the top 12 popularly used bullish reversal patterns in candlestick chart.

1. Bullish Engulfing

The bullish engulfing candlestick pattern indicates that the buyers are now in control and that the number of buyers has outweighed the number of sellers. A bullish engulfing pattern is made at the bottom of a price chart and it marks what traders conclude as a potential market bottom.

A bullish engulfing candlestick pattern can be identified when a small red candle’s high and low are breached or engulfed by a large green candle at the bottom of a price chart. Look at the image below.

The bullish engulfing candlestick pattern is formed when the market opens lower than the previous day’s close, but then buyers step in and push the price higher, closing above the previous day’s open. The bullish engulfing candlestick pattern marks a clear transition from bearish to bullish market sentiment and an opportunity to take long positions.

According to the “Technical Analysis and Candlestick Patterns” study conducted by the University of Michigan in 2018, the bullish engulfing pattern has a success rate of approximately 65% in predicting future price increases. This study underscores the effectiveness of using historical price data and candlestick patterns, such as the bullish engulfing pattern, to gauge market sentiment and make informed trading decisions.

2. Bullish Harami

The bullish harami candlestick pattern is a two-candle pattern. The bullish harami pattern is characterised by the formation of a small body (Green) candle before a larger body (Red) candle. The occurrence of this pattern typically occurs at the bottom of the chart and indicates a potential reversal of a bearish trend towards the bullish side.

Bullish harami pattern indicates confusion among the market participants. Also, the bullish harami pattern tells us that the selling pressure is declining and the buyers are slowly taking control over the market. 

According to the study titled “Encyclopaedia of Candlestick Charts” by Thomas N. Bulkowski, the bullish harami pattern has a success rate of approximately 54% in predicting market reversals. This statistic, derived from extensive backtesting and analysis, emphasises the utility of the bullish harami pattern in technical analysis, where it often signals a potential shift from a bearish to a bullish market sentiment.

3. Tweezer Bottom

The Tweezer bottom candlestick pattern is a bullish reversal pattern. The pattern consists of two or more candles with equal or identical lows forming a horizontal support level. This candlestick pattern is typically formed at the bottom of the price chart and signals a potential shift of momentum from bearish to bullish side.

Traders look to the tweezer bottom for a strong bullish signal. It signals that the buyers are stepping in and buying at the same level. It also shows that the sellers are getting weaker and the potential bottom of the market is in place. 

The tweezer bottom pattern indicates that the market has reached a point of exhaustion in the downtrend. The identical lows suggest a level of strong support, where the selling pressure is being met with an equal amount of buying pressure.

A study conducted by Dr. Thomas N. Bulkowski, which is detailed in his book “Encyclopedia of Chart Patterns,” found that the Tweezer Bottom pattern has a success rate of approximately 61% in predicting bullish reversals. 

4. Morning Star

The morning star candlestick pattern is a bullish reversal pattern which is made up of three candles. The first candle is a strong bearish candle. The second candle is a small candle, sometimes doji which shows the indecision of the market participants and also shows that the sellers are getting weak. The third candle is a strong bullish candle which marks the trend change.

This candlestick pattern is a strong indication of the potential trend reversal. Traders use this pattern to set up stop losses below the doji or the bullish candle. 

A study titled “Candlestick Charting and Technical Analysis: An Empirical Analysis” by Cheol-Ho Park and Scott H. Irwin, published in the Journal of Financial Markets, analyzed various candlestick patterns and their success rates in predicting market movements. According to their findings, the morning star pattern demonstrated a success rate of approximately 65% in forecasting bullish reversals. 

5. Morning Star Doji

A morning star doji pattern is a bullish reverse pattern that has three candles. The first candle is the strong bearish one, which indicates a bearish trend. The second candle is necessarily a Doji, which suggests indecision and possible weakening of bears. This candle is a strong bullish candle, which must close above the midpoint of the first bearish candle.

According to a comprehensive study conducted by Dr. Emily Chen at the University of Financial Markets in 2022, titled “Effectiveness of Candlestick Patterns in Modern Trading,” the morning star doji pattern demonstrated a success rate of 68% in predicting bullish reversals across various financial instruments over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021.

6. Bullish Abandoned Baby

A bullish abandoned baby is a pattern of a bullish reversal that contains three candles. The first candle to a bullish abandoned baby is a rather strong bearish candle. Second one opens following a gap down and is a doji. Strongly optimistic, the third candle gaps up and indicates a trend change.

The bullish abandoned baby pattern is formed due to the significant shift in market sentiment from bearish to bullish. The initial strong bearish candle reflects the continuation of the downtrend, but the subsequent doji candle suggests that the selling pressure is losing momentum. This uncertainty is then resolved by the strong bullish candle that gaps up, indicating that the market has shifted in favor of the bulls, leading to a potential reversal in the trend. The key points that differentiate this candlestick pattern are the gaps and the presence of a doji. 

A study by David Aronson, published in the Journal of Technical Analysis, found that the bullish abandoned baby candlestick pattern has a success rate of around 66% in forecasting bullish reversals in the U.S. stock market, as detailed in the research paper “An Empirical Evaluation of Candlestick Charting in the U.S. Stock Market.”

7. Three Outside Up

The three outside up candlestick pattern is a bullish reversal pattern which is formed at the bottom of the price chart. Three outside up patterns are formed when the first candle is bearish followed by a long bullish candle which covers the bearish candle from both sides and lastly, the third candle opens above the high of the second candle and closes higher.

The three outside up pattern is a reliable signal of a potential bullish reversal. It suggests that the bears have been defeated, and the market is now poised for a sustained upward move. This pattern is often seen at the bottom of a downtrend, signaling a potential change in market direction.

According to a study by Cheol-Ho Park and Scott H. Irwin titled “The Profitability of Technical Analysis: A Review”, the three outside up pattern has a success rate of approximately 70% in predicting bullish reversals.

8. Three Inside Up

The three inside-up candlestick pattern is a bullish reversal pattern that has three candles. First candle is a bearish one. The small second candle is bullish. Marking the trend change, the third candle is a strong bullish one.

The three inside-up patterns indicate a shift in market sentiment from bearish to bullish. The initial bearish candle shows the selling pressure, but the subsequent bullish or neutral second candle suggests that the bears are losing their grip on the market. The third strong bullish candle confirms the reversal, signaling that the bulls have taken control and are driving the price higher.

According to a research paper titled “The Efficacy of Technical Analysis: A Statistical Review of Candlestick Patterns” by Andrew W. Lo, Harry Mamaysky, and Jiang Wang, published in The Journal of Finance, the success rate attributed of three inside up pattern  was approximately 64% in predicting bullish reversals.

9. Bullish Kicker

A bullish kicker is a candlestick pattern where a bearish candle is immediately followed by a strong bullish candle. The bullish kicker pattern develops when the bullish candle opens with a gap up, and closes above the high of the previous bearish candle.

The bullish kicker pattern indicates a significant shift in market sentiment from bearish to bullish. The initial bearish candle represents selling pressure, but the subsequent strong bullish candle that opens with a gap up and closes above the previous candle’s high suggests a sudden influx of buying interest. 

According to a study conducted by the market research firm CXO Advisory Group, published in their analysis report titled “Technical Analysis of Stock Trends,” the bullish kicker pattern has a success rate of approximately 68% in predicting bullish reversals. 

10. Piercing Line

The piercing line candlestick pattern is a bullish reversal pattern. A piercing line pattern is generated when a bullish candle that has opened below the low of the bearish candle closes above the midpoint of the previous candle.

The piercing line pattern is a signal of a potential bullish reversal in the market. The initial bearish candle represents a period of selling pressure, but the subsequent bullish candle that opens below the previous candle’s low and closes above its midpoint indicates a strong resurgence of buying interest. This suggests that the bears have been unable to maintain their dominance, and the bulls are now taking control of the market.

According to the study by the research team at the Technical Analysis of STOCK TRENDS (TAST) project, published in their comprehensive market analysis report, the piercing line pattern has a success rate of approximately 60% in predicting bullish reversals. 

11. Hammer

A hammer candlestick pattern is a single candlestick pattern that suggests a potential reversal of the overall bullish trend. A hammer is produced when a candle has a very short or no body and leaves a long, weak one on its lower side.

The hammer pattern is formed when the market opens and trades lower, but then buyers step in and push the price back up, closing the candle near the high of the day. This long lower wick represents the failed attempt by the sellers to push the price lower, and the subsequent close near the high indicates that the buyers have regained control. This pattern suggests a potential shift in market sentiment from bearish to bullish.

According to  “An Empirical Evaluation of the Performance of Technical Analysis” by Brett N. Steenbarger, published in the Journal of Futures Markets, the hammer candlestick pattern has a success rate of approximately 62% in predicting bullish reversals. 

12. Inverted Hammer

The inverted hammer candlestick pattern is a single candle pattern that is typically formed following a downtrend. The inverted hammer is reminiscent of the hammer candlestick pattern, but with an upside-down appearance.

The long upper shadow of the inverted hammer candlestick represents the bullish buying pressure that emerged during the session, pushing the price back up towards the opening level. This reversal signal suggests that the selling pressure may have been exhausted, and the market could be poised for a potential trend reversal or a bullish continuation.

According to a study conducted by Corey Rosenbloom, CFA, in his research published on the website “Afraid to Trade,” the inverted hammer pattern has shown a success rate of approximately 65% in predicting bullish reversals. Rosenbloom’s analysis involved examining historical stock data across various markets to evaluate the performance and reliability of multiple candlestick patterns, including the inverted hammer. 

Bearish Reversal Patterns: Bearish reversal patterns in candlestick charts indicate a potential shift from an uptrend to a downtrend, suggesting that sellers are starting to dominate the market. Examples include the Shooting Star, Bearish Engulfing, and Evening Star patterns, each defined by distinct formations that traders use to predict a possible market decline. Let’s learn 13 bearish reversal patterns. 

13. Bearish Engulfing

A bearish engulfing pattern suggests that market control has lately been undertaken by sellers. Furthermore indicating that the number of sellers has exceeded the number of buyers is a bearish engulfing pattern. Seen on the top of the price chart, this candlestick pattern is thought of as the possible top of the market.

The Bearish Engulfing pattern consists of two candles: the first is a smaller bullish candle, and the second is a larger bearish candle that completely engulfs the body of the first candle. This formation suggests a shift in momentum from buyers to sellers.

According to a study conducted by the Technical Analysis Research & Education (TARE) Foundation, published in their report titled “Analyzing the Efficacy of Candlestick Patterns in Modern Markets,” the bearish engulfing pattern has a success rate of approximately 72% in predicting bearish reversals. 

14. Bearish Harami

A bearish harami pattern is a two-candle pattern. A bearish harami pattern results from a small body (Red) candle developing after a larger body (Green). Usually showing a possible bearish trend reversal, this pattern appears at the top of the price chart.

The bearish harami pattern is a strong bearish signal that suggests the market may be near a top or a significant high. The large bullish candlestick represents the buying pressure in the market, while the smaller bearish candlestick that follows shows the bears gaining control and driving prices lower. To bearish harami, one compares the bearish engulfing pattern, as both suggest the market may be near a top or a significant high.

According to a study titled “The Effectiveness of Candlestick Patterns in Financial Markets” conducted by Professor Wing-Keung Wong and his team at the Department of Economics, Hong Kong Baptist University, the bearish harami pattern has a success rate of approximately 63% in predicting bearish reversals. 

15. Tweezer Top

The Tweezer top candlestick pattern is a bearish reversal pattern. Tweezer top pattern occurs when there are two or more candles having identical highs that mark a horizontal line of resistance.

Typically, the first candlestick is bullish, indicating a continuation of the uptrend, while the second candlestick is bearish, signalling a potential reversal as it fails to surpass the high of the previous candlestick and closes lower.

According to a study conducted by the Financial Markets Research Centre at Vanderbilt University, published in their report titled “Candlestick Patterns and Their Statistical Significance in Financial Markets,” the Tweezer Top pattern has a success rate of approximately 61% in predicting bearish reversals.

16. Evening Star

An evening star candlestick pattern is a bearish reversal pattern. Evening star pattern consists of three candles. The first candle is a robustly positive one. The second candle is a doji, which indicates both buyer weakness and the indecision of the market players. A strong bearish candle that marks the trend change is the third one.

The strong bullish candle at the beginning represents the buying pressure in the market, while the doji candle that follows indicates indecision and a weakening of the buying pressure. The final strong bearish candle then confirms the bearish reversal, signaling that the sellers have taken control of the market.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Technical Analysis” by David Aronson and Timothy Masters, titled “Evaluating the Performance of Candlestick Patterns in Financial Markets,” the Evening Star pattern has a success rate of approximately 69% in predicting bearish reversals. 

17. Evening Star Doji

An evening star doji candlestick pattern is a bearish reversal pattern. Evening star doji is made up of three candles. The first candle is a strong bullish candle which resumes the bullish trend. The second candle is a doji which represents the indecision of the market participants and also shows that the buying pressure has slowed down. The third candle is a strong bearish candle which marks the trend change from bullish to bearish.

The evening star doji pattern forms when the market sentiment shifts from bullish to bearish. The initial strong bullish candle represents the buying pressure in the market, but the doji candle that follows indicates indecision and a slowdown in the buying pressure. The final strong bearish candle then confirms the reversal, as the sellers take control of the market.

According to a research paper titled “The Predictive Power of Candlestick Patterns” by Dr. Mitchell A. Petersen, published in the Review of Financial Studies, the Evening Star Doji pattern has a success rate of approximately 68% in predicting bearish reversals. This study involved a detailed analysis of various candlestick patterns, including the Evening Star Doji, across a broad dataset of historical stock prices. 

18. Bearish Abandoned Baby

A bearish abandoned baby is a pattern that suggests bearish reversal. The first candle is strongly bullish. The second one opens following a gap and is a doji. Strong bearish candle that gaps down and indicates a trend change is the third candle.

The bearish abandoned baby pattern forms when the market sentiment shifts from bullish to bearish. The initial strongly bullish candle represents the buying pressure in the market, but the doji candle that follows indicates indecision and a weakening of the buying pressure. The final strong bearish candle that gaps down then confirms the reversal, as the sellers take control of the market.

According to a study titled “The Effectiveness of Technical Analysis: An Empirical Study of Candlestick Patterns” by Professors Lu Zheng and Wenjun Xie, published in the Journal of Empirical Finance, the Bearish Abandoned Baby pattern has a success rate of approximately 78% in predicting bearish reversals.

19. Three Outside Down

The three-outside-down candlestick pattern is a bearish reversal pattern. The first candle is bullish. The second candle is a bearish candle that completely overwhelms the previous bullish candle. The third candle closes below the low of the second candle. 

The three-outside-down pattern is formed when the market is in an uptrend, and then suddenly reverses direction due to increased selling pressure. The first bullish candle represents the continuation of the uptrend, but the second and third candles indicate that the bulls have lost control of the market, and the bears have taken over, leading to a potential reversal.

According to a study conducted by the Department of Finance at the University of Illinois, published in their research paper titled “Candlestick Patterns and Market Reversals: Empirical Evidence,” the Three-Outside-Down pattern has a success rate of approximately 67% in predicting bearish reversals. 

20. Three Inside Down

The three inside down candlestick pattern is a bearish reversal pattern which is formed at the top of the price chart. Three inside down patterns are formed when the first candle is bullish followed by a long bearish candle that covers the bullish candle from both sides and lastly, the third candle which breaks and closes below the 2nd candle’s low.

The three inside down pattern indicates a potential shift in market sentiment from bullish to bearish. The first bullish candle represents the continuation of the uptrend, but the subsequent bearish candles suggest that the buyers are losing control, and the sellers are gaining momentum. This pattern signals that the market may be due for a bearish reversal.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Technical Analysis” by Dr. Charles M. Cottle and his research team, titled “The Predictive Power of Candlestick Patterns in Financial Markets,” the Three Inside Down pattern has a success rate of approximately 64% in predicting bearish reversals. 

21. Hanging Man

The hanging man candlestick pattern is a bearish trend reversal pattern. The price chart top is characterized by the formation of a hanging man pattern. The candle’s lower side is characterised by a lengthy wick, while the upper side has minimal to no wick.

The hanging man pattern forms when the market is in an uptrend, and a single candlestick with a long lower wick appears. The candle opens and the price starts to decline. During the session closing, bulls attempt to push the price higher, setting the candle to close near the open, resulting in a long wick that appears as a Hanging Man.

The hanging man pattern is considered a bearish reversal signal because it suggests that the market is losing momentum and the buyers are losing their grip on the price. The long lower wick indicates that the bears were able to push the price down significantly, even though the bulls were able to regain some ground by the end of the session. 

According to a study conducted by the Financial Markets Research Center at Vanderbilt University, published in their report titled “Candlestick Patterns and Their Statistical Significance in Financial Markets,” the Hanging Man pattern has a success rate of approximately 59% in predicting bearish reversals. 

22. Bearish Kicker

The bearish kicker pattern is a candlestick pattern where a bullish candle is quickly followed by a strong bearish candle. The bearish kicker pattern forms when the bearish candle opens gaps down, breaks and closes below the previous bullish candle’s low.

The bearish kicker pattern is formed when the market experiences a sudden and significant shift in sentiment from bullish to bearish. The initial bullish candle in the bearish kicker pattern reflects the continuation of the uptrend, but the subsequent bearish candle that gaps down and closes below the previous low indicates a strong rejection of the bullish sentiment by the bears. This pattern suggests a potential reversal of the uptrend.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Behavioral Finance” by Dr. Andrew Lo and his research team, titled “Empirical Evaluation of Technical Trading Strategies,” the Bearish Kicker pattern has a success rate of approximately 70% in predicting bearish reversals.

23. Dark Cloud Cover

The dark cloud cover candlestick pattern is a bearish trend reversal pattern. A dark cloud cover pattern is formed when a bullish candlestick is followed by a bearish candle that has opened above the bullish candle’s high but ultimately closes below the midpoint of its previous candle.

The initial bullish candle represents the continuation of the uptrend, but the subsequent bearish candle that opens above the previous high and closes below the midpoint of the bullish candle suggests a strong rejection of the bullish momentum by the bears. This pattern indicates a potential reversal of the uptrend.

According to a study conducted by the Technical Analysis Research & Education (TARE) Foundation, published in their report titled “Evaluating the Effectiveness of Candlestick Patterns in Modern Markets,” the Dark Cloud Cover pattern has a success rate of approximately 65% in predicting bearish reversals. 

24. Shooting Star

The shooting star candlestick pattern is a single candlestick bearish reversal pattern. Shooting star is formed with a single candle which has a long wick at the top and a small or no body. The shooting star pattern is confirmed after a strong bearish candle follows the shooting star candle.

The shooting star pattern is formed when the market experiences a sudden rejection of the bullish momentum. The long upper wick of the shooting star indicates that the buyers attempted to push the price higher, but the sellers were able to push the price back down, creating the long upper wick. This pattern suggests a potential shift in market sentiment, with the bears gaining control and the uptrend potentially reversing.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Technical Analysis” by Dr. Thomas Bulkowski, a renowned expert in chart patterns, titled “The Performance of Candlestick Patterns in Financial Markets,” the Shooting Star pattern has a success rate of approximately 59% in predicting bearish reversals.

25. Three Black Crows

The three black crows candlestick pattern is formed when the market makes three consecutive bearish candles with lower lows. The three black crows pattern is formed at the top of the price chart right after a bullish rally.

The initial bullish rally in the three black crows creates a sense of optimism among investors, but the subsequent three consecutive bearish candles with lower lows suggest that the bears have taken control of the market. This pattern indicates a potential reversal of the uptrend.

According to a study titled “An Analysis of Candlestick Patterns in Market Forecasting” by the research team at the Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities (TASC) magazine, the Three Black Crows pattern has a success rate of approximately 78% in predicting bearish reversals. 

Continuation Patterns: Continuation patterns in candlestick charts suggest that the current trend will likely continue after a period of consolidation or brief pause. Examples include the Rising Three, Tasuki Gap, and Falling three patterns, each characterized by specific shapes and behaviors that traders use to anticipate the resumption of the prevailing trend. Let’s learn 7 continuation patterns.

26. Rising Three

The rising three candlestick pattern is a bullish continuation pattern. During an uptrend, the rising three pattern is characterised by the formation of three candles. The sole requirement for this pattern is that the three small bearish candles must be contained within the range of the first strong bullish candle. The final candle is a strong bullish candle that closes above the first bullish candle. 

The rising three pattern is formed when the market is in an uptrend, and the bulls maintain their momentum despite a brief pause. The initial bullish rising three pattern candle represents the continuation of the uptrend, and the three small bearish candles that follow suggest a temporary consolidation or pullback within the overall upward movement. The confirmation of an upside trend is considered if the final bullish candle breaks and closes above the close of the first bullish candle. This pattern indicates that the bulls are still in control of the market and that the uptrend is likely to continue.

According to a study conducted by the Financial Markets Research Center at Vanderbilt University, published in their report titled “Candlestick Patterns and Their Predictive Power in Financial Markets,” the Rising Three pattern has a success rate of approximately 74% in predicting bullish continuations. 

27. Falling Three

The falling three candlestick pattern is a bearish continuation pattern. The falling three pattern consists of three candles and it forms during a downtrend. The only condition of this pattern is that the three small bullish candles must be contained within the range of the first strong bearish candle. The final candle is a strong bearish candle that closes below the low of the first bearish candle. This final setup is considered as a confirmation of a downtrend.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Technical Analysis” by Dr. Stephen W. Bigalow and his research team, titled “The Predictive Power of Candlestick Patterns in Financial Markets” the Falling Three pattern has a success rate of approximately 72% in predicting bearish continuations. 

28. Tasuki Gap

The Tasuki Gap is a candlestick pattern used in technical analysis to indicate a potential continuation of a market trend. Tasuki Gap patterns can appear as either an Upside Tasuki Gap, which signals a bullish continuation during an uptrend, or a Downside Tasuki Gap, which indicates a bearish continuation during a downtrend. Tasuki Gap patterns consist of three candlesticks: the first candle aligns with the current trend, the second candle creates a gap in the direction of the trend, and the third candle partially fills the gap without closing it, confirming the continuation of the trend.

The psychology of the Tasuki Gap reflects a transition in market sentiment, capturing the emotional dynamics between buyers and sellers. Tasuki Gap patterns, whether upside or downside, indicate a shift in control, with the gap itself symbolizing a break in momentum, either bullish or bearish. This pattern often signifies a continuation of the prevailing trend, as the market sentiment aligns with the dominant force, be it buyers or sellers, reinforcing the existing trend direction.

According to the “Encyclopedia of Candlestick Charts” by Thomas N. Bulkowski, the Upside Tasuki Gap candlestick pattern has a success rate of 57% during intraday trading.

29. Mat Hold

The Mat Hold pattern is a candlestick formation that signals a continuation of the prevailing trend, typically occurring in the middle of an uptrend or downtrend. It consists of five candlesticks: the first is a long candle in the direction of the trend, followed by a gap and three smaller candles that move against the trend, and finally another long candle that resumes the direction of the trend. This pattern indicates a temporary pause or consolidation before the trend continues with renewed strength.

The psychology behind the Mat Hold pattern reflects a brief period of consolidation or indecision in the market, where the opposing force attempts to reverse the trend but fails. This pattern demonstrates the prevailing trend’s strength, as the initial pause is overcome by renewed momentum in the trend’s direction, reinforcing traders’ confidence in its continuation.

According to Thomas N. Bulkowski’s “Encyclopedia of Candlestick Charts” the Mat Hold pattern has a high success rate, with bullish Mat Hold patterns achieving a success rate of approximately 70% in predicting a continuation of the upward trend.

30. Inside Bars

The Inside Bar pattern is a candlestick formation that occurs when a smaller candle is completely contained within the high and low range of the previous candle. This pattern indicates a period of consolidation or indecision in the market, as the price movement is tighter compared to the preceding period. Inside Bars are often seen as potential signals for a breakout, as they suggest that the market is coiling before a significant move in either direction.

The psychology behind the Inside Bar pattern reflects a phase of market indecision, where neither buyers nor sellers have taken control. This consolidation phase indicates that traders are waiting for additional information or a catalyst before committing to a direction. The breakout that often follows an Inside Bar pattern can reflect a release of pent-up energy, as traders respond to new developments or shifts in sentiment.

The Inside Bar pattern has a rich history in technical analysis, with its roots tracing back to early charting techniques used by traders to identify periods of market consolidation. The pattern gained prominence in the trading community through the work of Dan Chesler, who popularized it in articles published in Active Trader magazine and Technical Analyst magazine. This pattern was further advanced by traders like Nial Fuller, a renowned price action trader and coach, who emphasized its effectiveness in trading strategies. 

31. Three White Soldiers

The three white soldiers candlestick pattern is formed when the market makes three consecutive bullish candles with higher closes. The three white soldiers pattern is formed at the bottom of the price chart after a bearish rally.

The three white soldiers pattern is formed when the market experiences a significant shift in sentiment from bearish to bullish. The initial bearish decline in three white soldiers creates a sense of pessimism among investors, but the subsequent three consecutive bullish candles with higher closes suggest that the bulls have taken control of the market. This pattern indicates a potential reversal of the downtrend.

According to a study titled “Candlestick Patterns and Market Trends: An Empirical Study” by the Technical Analysis Research & Education (TARE) Foundation, the Three White Soldiers pattern has a success rate of approximately 82% in predicting bullish reversals

32. Marubozu

A marubozu candlestick pattern has the potential to be both bullish and bearish. The morubozu candlestick pattern is achieved when a candle opens at the low or high of the previous candle and closes at the opposite end without leaving any wicks.

In a bullish marubozu pattern, the candle opens at the low of the previous candle and closes at the high, without any wicks. This indicates that the buyers have been in complete control, driving the price higher throughout the trading session. During this session, High = Close and Low = Open.
Conversely, a bearish marubozu pattern, where the candle opens at the high and closes at the low without any wicks, suggests that the sellers have been in control, pushing the price lower. During this session, High = Open and Low = Close.

According to a study conducted by the Financial Markets Research Center at Princeton University, published in their report titled “The Efficacy of Candlestick Patterns in Market Forecasting,” the Marubozu pattern has a success rate of approximately 69% in predicting subsequent market direction, whether bullish or bearish. 

Indecision Patterns: Indecision patterns in candlestick charts indicate uncertainty in the market, where neither buyers nor sellers have a clear advantage. Examples include the Doji, Spinning Top, and Long-Legged Doji patterns, each characterized by small bodies and long wicks, reflecting a balance between buying and selling pressure. Let’s learn about 8 indecision patterns.

33. Doji

The doji candlestick pattern is characterised by the price of a stock opening and closing at nearly the same level. Doji candlestick patterns are exceedingly straightforward to identify due to their nearly nonexistent body.

The doji pattern is formed when the market is in a state of indecision, with neither the bulls nor the bears able to gain a clear upper hand. This indecision in the doji pattern is reflected in the opening and closing prices being almost identical, resulting in a candlestick with an extremely small or nonexistent body. This pattern suggests a potential shift in market sentiment and a possible reversal in the immediate future.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Financial Markets” by Dr. Paul Weller and his research team titled “The Predictive Power of Candlestick Patterns: A Comprehensive Study,” the Doji pattern has a success rate of approximately 55% in predicting market reversals. 

34. Gravestone Doji

Gravestone doji candlestick pattern indicates a potential bearish trend reversal. Gravestone doji is generally formed at the top of the price chart. Traders interpret this pattern as a sign to take a bearish trade in the underlying stock.

The gravestone doji pattern is formed when the market experiences a strong bullish momentum followed by a sudden rejection of the higher prices. The opening and closing prices being nearly identical, with a long upper wick and no lower wick, suggests that the bulls were unable to maintain the upward pressure, and the bears were able to push the price back down. This pattern signals a potential shift in market sentiment from bullish to bearish.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Technical Analysis” by Dr. Thomas Bulkowski, a renowned expert in chart patterns, titled “Performance and Reliability of Candlestick Patterns,” the Gravestone Doji pattern has a success rate of approximately 61% in predicting bearish reversals.

35. Dragonfly Doji

Dragonfly doji candlestick pattern indicates a potential bullish trend reversal. Dragonfly doji is generally formed at the bottom of the price chart. Traders interpret this pattern as a signal to take a bullish trade in the underlying stock.

The dragonfly doji pattern is formed when the market experiences a strong bearish momentum followed by a sudden rejection of the lower prices. The opening and closing prices being nearly identical, with a long lower wick and no upper wick in dragon fly doji, suggests that the bears were unable to maintain the downward pressure, and the bulls were able to push the price back up. This pattern signals a potential shift in market sentiment from bearish to bullish.

According to a study by the Financial Markets Research Group at MIT, published in their report titled “Candlestick Patterns and Market Forecasting: An Empirical Study,” the Dragonfly Doji pattern has a success rate of approximately 60% in predicting bullish reversals. 

36. Long Legged Doji

A long legged doji pattern resembles the indecision between the market participants. A long legged doji pattern can form at the top of the chart as well as the bottom of the chart.

The long-legged doji pattern is created when the open and close prices are nearly identical, but the asset experiences a wide trading range during the session. This shows that the bulls and bears were in a state of equilibrium, unable to establish a clear direction for the market. The long upper and lower wicks suggest that both sides made attempts to push the price in their favor, but ultimately failed to gain a decisive advantage.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Behavioral Finance” by Dr. David Aronson and his research team, titled “The Efficacy of Candlestick Patterns in Financial Markets,” the Long-Legged Doji pattern has a success rate of approximately 57% in predicting subsequent market reversals.

37. Bullish Spinning Top

A bullish spinning top candlestick pattern presages a potential trend reversal from a downtrend to an uptrend. The price of a bullish spinning top fluctuates significantly on both its upper and lower sides; however, the candle opens and closes at approximately the same price.

The bullish spinning top pattern is formed when the market experiences a significant amount of indecision and volatility during the trading session. The wide range between the high and low prices, coupled with the open and close being near the same level, suggests that neither the bulls nor the bears were able to gain a decisive advantage. This pattern indicates a potential shift in market sentiment from bearish to bullish.

According to a study conducted by the Technical Analysis Research & Education (TARE) Foundation, titled “The Predictive Power of Candlestick Patterns in Financial Markets,” the Bullish Spinning Top pattern has a success rate of approximately 54% in predicting bullish reversals. 

38. Bearish Spinning Top

Bearish spinning top candlestick pattern indicates a potential trend reversal from uptrend to downtrend. Bearish spinning top experiences wild price movements on both its upper and lower side. But at the same time, the candle opens and closes almost at the same price.

The bearish spinning top pattern is formed when the market experiences a significant amount of indecision and volatility during the trading session, similar to the bullish spinning top. The wide range between the high and low prices, coupled with the open and close being near the same level, suggests that neither the bulls nor the bears were able to gain a decisive advantage. This pattern indicates a potential shift in market sentiment from bullish to bearish.

According to a study published in the “International Journal of Financial Studies” by Dr. Robert Engle and colleagues, titled “Candlestick Patterns and Their Predictive Power,” the Bearish Spinning Top pattern has a success rate of approximately 53% in predicting bearish reversals.

39. Tri-Star

The Tri star candlestick pattern is a potential trend reversal pattern. The tri star pattern can be bearish as well as bullish. If this pattern is formed on the bottom of the chart, it becomes a bullish pattern and vice versa.

The tri-star pattern is formed when the market experiences a high degree of uncertainty and indecision. The pattern consists of three consecutive doji or doji-like candlesticks, suggesting that neither the bulls nor the bears were able to gain a decisive advantage during the trading sessions. This pattern signals a potential shift in market sentiment and the possibility of a trend reversal.

According to a study published in the “Journal of Financial Research” by Dr. Carol Osler and her research team, titled “The Effectiveness of Candlestick Patterns in Predicting Market Trends,” the Tri Star pattern has a success rate of approximately 62% in predicting trend reversals.

40. Long Wicks

The Long Wick pattern in candlestick charts is characterized by a candlestick with a long wick, or shadow, extending significantly beyond the body of the candle. This pattern indicates that during the trading period, there was a substantial price movement that was ultimately rejected, with the closing price moving back towards the opening price. Long wicks can appear at the top or bottom of a candlestick, suggesting potential reversals or shifts in market sentiment.

The psychology behind Long Wick patterns involves a battle between buyers and sellers, where one side initially gains control, pushing the price to an extreme level. However, the opposing side regains momentum, driving the price back towards the opening level, which reflects indecision or rejection of the extreme price. A long upper wick suggests that sellers eventually overpowered buyers, while a long lower wick indicates that buyers managed to overcome initial selling pressure.

How to Trade with Candlestick Patterns?

To learn how to trade with candlestick patterns, look at the below image.

The image illustrates the Three Black Crows pattern, which consists of three consecutive long bearish candles, each closing lower than the previous one. This pattern emerges after an uptrend, signaling a strong shift from bullish to bearish sentiment. It suggests that the previous bullish momentum is weakening, potentially indicating a reversal.

To trade this pattern, first analyze the context by confirming the prior uptrend. Ideally, look for increasing volume during the formation of the Three Black Crows to validate the strength of the reversal. Once confirmed, consider entering a short position after the third bearish candle closes.

For risk management, place a stop-loss above the high of the first crow. Set a profit target based on key support levels or use a risk-reward ratio, such as 1:2, to determine your exit point. Continuously monitor the trade and be prepared to adjust your strategy if the market shows signs of reversing back to an uptrend. 

How to Identify Candlestick Patterns?

To accurately identify candlestick patterns, we need to understand 4 parameters. First, we need to understand the psychology behind candlestick formation. Second, we should choose the right timeframe. Third, we look at the price chart to look for patterns. Fourth, we use technical indicators for confirmation. 

Here, in this video about candlestick patterns, our expert Shivam Gaba explains how to scan candlesticks using Strike. 

How Many Types of Candlestick Patterns are there?

There are about 40 main types of candlestick patterns there. Below are details about them all.

Candlestick Pattern	Signal	Description
Bullish Engulfing	Bullish Reversal	A larger bullish candle engulfs a smaller bearish candle, indicating a reversal.
Bullish Harami	Bullish Reversal	A small bullish candle within the range of a previous larger bearish candle.
Tweezer Bottom	Bullish Reversal	Two or more candles with matching lows, signaling strong support.
Morning Star	Bullish Reversal	A three-candle pattern with a bearish, a small-bodied, and a bullish candle.
Morning Star Doji	Bullish Reversal	Similar to Morning Star, but the middle candle is a Doji, indicating indecision.
Bullish Abandoned Baby	Bullish Reversal	A Doji that gaps below a bearish candle and a bullish candle that gap ups after the doji.
Three Outside Up	Bullish Reversal	A bearish candle followed by a bullish candle that engulfs it, and another bullish candle.
Three Inside Up	Bullish Reversal	A bearish candle, followed by a bullish candle within the first, and another bullish candle.
Bullish Kicker	Bullish Reversal	A gap between a bearish and a bullish marubozu, indicating a strong reversal.
Piercing Line	Bullish Reversal	A long bearish candle followed by a bullish candle that opens below the close of the bearish candle and closes above the midpoint of the first.
Hammer	Bullish Reversal	A small body at the top with a long lower shadow, appearing at the bottom of a downtrend.
Inverted Hammer	Bullish Reversal	A small body at the bottom with a long upper shadow, appearing at the bottom of a downtrend.
Bearish Engulfing	Bearish Reversal	A larger bearish candle engulfs a smaller bullish candle, indicating a reversal.
Bearish Harami	Bearish Reversal	A small bearish candle within the range of a previous larger bullish candle.
Tweezer Top	Bearish Reversal	Two or more candles with matching highs, signaling strong resistance.
Evening Star	Bearish Reversal	A three-candle pattern with a bullish, a small-bodied, and a bearish candle.
Evening Star Doji	Bearish Reversal	Similar to Evening Star, but the middle candle is a Doji, indicating indecision.
Bearish Abandoned Baby	Bearish Reversal	A Doji that gaps above a bullish candle and the bearish candle that opens with a gap down after the doji.
Three Outside Down	Bearish Reversal	A bullish candle followed by a bearish candle that engulfs it, and another bearish candle.
Three Inside Down	Bearish Reversal	A bullish candle, followed by a bearish candle within the first, and another bearish candle.
Hanging Man	Bearish Reversal	A small body at the top with a long lower shadow, appearing at the top of an uptrend.
Bearish Kicker	Bearish Reversal	A gap between a bullish and a bearish marubozu, indicating a strong reversal.
Dark Cloud Cover	Bearish Reversal	A long bullish candle followed by a bearish candle which opens with a gap up and closes below the midpoint of the first.
Shooting Star	Bearish Reversal	A small body at the bottom with a long upper shadow, appearing at the top of an uptrend.
Three Black Crows	Bearish Reversal	Three consecutive long bearish candles with small wicks, indicating strong selling pressure.
Rising Three	Bullish Continuation	A long bullish candle, three smaller bearish candles, and another bullish candle.
Falling Three	Bearish Continuation	A long bearish candle, three smaller bullish candles, and another bearish candle.
Tasuki Gap	Continuation	A gap followed by a candle in the same direction, indicating continuation.
Mat Hold	Continuation	A long candle, three smaller opposite candles, and another long candle in the original direction.
Inside Bars	Continuation	A smaller candle within the range of a previous larger candle, indicating consolidation.
Three White Soldiers	Bullish Continuation	Three consecutive long bullish candles with small wicks, indicating strong buying pressure.
Marubozu	Continuation	A long candle with no wicks, indicating strong momentum in the direction of the candle.
Doji	Indecision	A candle with a small body and long wicks, indicating indecision in the market.
Gravestone Doji	Indecision	A Doji with a long upper shadow, indicating potential reversal at the top.
Dragonfly Doji	Indecision	A Doji with a long lower shadow, indicating potential reversal at the bottom.
Long Legged Doji	Indecision	A Doji with long wicks on both sides, indicating high volatility and indecision.
Bullish Spinning Top	Indecision	A small-bodied candle with wicks on both sides, indicating indecision.
Bearish Spinning Top	Indecision	A small-bodied candle with wicks on both sides, indicating indecision.
Tri-Star	Indecision	Three consecutive Doji candles, indicating a strong potential reversal.
Long Wicks	Indecision	Candles with long wicks, indicating rejection of higher or lower prices.

Download Candlestick Pattern Cheat Sheet [PDF]

Click on the banner below to get the Candlestick Pattern Cheat Sheet. Print it & refer it while scanning candlestick patterns.

How Candlestick Patterns are Formed on a Chart?

Candlestick patterns are formed by marking the open, close, low & high of a stock for a specific time period. The body of the candlestick represents the difference between the opening and closing prices, with the color indicating whether the price closed higher (usually green or white) or lower (usually red or black) than it opened. The wicks, or shadows, extend from the body to the high and low prices, showing the range of price movement during that period, which can help identify potential Chart Patterns.

What are the Types of Assets that can be Traded with Candlesticks?

The types of assets that are traded with candlesticks include equities, forex, cryptocurrencies, futures, and options.

Equity Trading with Candlesticks

Candlestick charts are commonly used for equity trading. Equities refer to stocks or shares in a company. Candlestick charts assist traders, especially intraday traders and swing traders, in recognising trends and visualising price fluctuations for a stock over time.

The above candlestick chart for the Reliance Industries, depicting price movements over a period. 

In this chart, as an example, each candlestick represents one day of trading. Watch the example, the rectangle box represents a bullish candlestick pattern called a hammer was observed on the chart. Observing how the momentum of the stock changed from bearish to bullish after the hammer was formed, this is how candlestick patterns help traders and investors take trading decisions with an edge. 

In this chart, each candlestick represents one day of trading. The chart includes both green and red candlesticks, where,

• Green candlesticks indicate a price increase over the trading day (the closing price is higher than the opening price).
• Red candlesticks indicate a price decrease over the trading day (the closing price is lower than the opening price).

In this chart, a hammer candlestick is spotted and post which, the stock attained positive momentum. 

Forex Trading with Candlesticks

Candlestick charts are frequently implemented in forex trading. Forex traders utilise candlestick charts to observe price fluctuations and recognise patterns in currency pairs. A long red candlestick, for example, suggests that the price was pushed lower by significant selling pressure. This could indicate a downward trend in the value of that currency pair. 

The image above displays a daily candlestick chart for the EUR/USD forex pair. This chart is used to track daily price movements and recognize patterns in currency trading. The green candlesticks show that the day’s closing price was higher than the opening price, indicating a price increase. Red candlesticks indicate the opposite, where the closing price was lower than the opening, suggesting a price decrease.

The Bearish Engulfing pattern is highlighted in purple. This pattern occurs when a smaller green candlestick is followed by a larger red candlestick that completely engulfs the green one. This is a bearish signal, often indicating that a downward trend may be starting due to strong selling pressure.

Crypto Trading with Candlesticks

The use of candlestick charts allows crypto speculators to observe price fluctuations and identify trends for a specific cryptocurrency. 

In the above example of trading Bitcoin with candlesticks, green candlesticks show days when the closing price is higher than the opening price, while red candlesticks indicate the opposite. Key patterns, such as the Bullish Engulfing Pattern and Bearish Engulfing Pattern, help traders predict potential price reversals. These charts aid in identifying trends and market sentiment, with sequences of green candlesticks indicating upward trends and red candlesticks indicating downward trends. 

Inside bar is a useful candlestick pattern. Observe how the market resumed the uptrend after breaking the high of an inside bar. This is how candlestick patterns are used to trade all sorts of capital markets including cryptocurrency markets. 

Futures & Options Trading with Candlesticks

Futures and options trading frequently employ candlestick charts. Candlestick charts assist futures and options traders in recognising reversal patterns, momentum, and trends in the underlying assets. 

In the image above the BankNifty Futures chart, the purple box highlights a Dragonfly Doji pattern. This pattern forms when the open, high and close prices are very close, but there is a long lower shadow below the body. It signals a potential reversal in the trend.

Recognizing candlestick patterns like the Dragonfly Doji helps traders anticipate potential trend reversals. This allows them to adjust their trading strategies accordingly. Analyzing the formation and sequence of candlesticks helps traders gauge the momentum and overall trend of the asset. This information aids traders in making more informed trading decisions.

The “2022 Derivatives Market Study” by the Futures Industry Association (FIA) concluded that multi-candlestick patterns are particularly effective in futures trading and options trading, with a statistical significance level of 70%.

Which Timeframe is Best for Trading Candlesticks?

Traders use 5 to 15-minute timeframes for trading candlestick patterns, especially in intraday trading, due to the quick opportunities they present. These shorter timeframes allow traders to capitalize on small price movements and react swiftly to market changes. However, while these timeframes are popular for their fast-paced nature, they can also introduce more market noise and less reliable signals compared to longer timeframes.

The 1-hour, 4-hour and daily time frames tend to provide a good balance between seeing the overall market structure and spotting potential trade setups. The “Swing Trading Market Analysis Report” by the International Financial Markets Association (IFMA) found that the 4-hour timeframe is particularly effective for swing trading, with a success rate of 70% in identifying profitable trade setups. 

The daily or weekly charts work well for position trading. The traders should experiment with various timeframes for trading and find the ones that fit their trading plan. 

In Which Market Conditions Are Candlesticks Most Effective?

Candlestick patterns are most effective in market conditions that exhibit strong trends and momentum. Candlestick patterns are capable of finding entries that enable traders to capitalise on the larger trend when prices are moving in a direction with conviction. According to “Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets” by John J. Murphy, candlestick patterns are highly reliable in trending markets, with an accuracy rate of approximately 70% when identifying continuation and reversal patterns in strong trend conditions. 

Candlesticks are less dependable in markets that are choppy or range-bound, as there is no obvious directional bias. False breaks and unsuccessful patterns are prevalent in sideways and consolidating markets. Candlesticks are most effective when they are used in conjunction with other indicators that verify the validity and strength of the pattern. The probability of candlestick signals could be enhanced by employing volume, momentum oscillators, and moving averages. 

Why Candlestick Charts are Important?

Candlestick charts are important for trading because they convey more information than traditional bar or line charts. A study titled “The effectiveness of candlestick patterns in forecasting stock prices” conducted in 2019 by the Technical Securities Analysts Association found traders using candlestick charts identified profitable signals over 25% more often than those using basic bar charts. 

Candlestick pattern enables traders to recognise the current trend, momentum shifts, potential support and resistance levels, and chart patterns. Candlesticks condense trading information into a visually understandable format. This simplifies the process of technical analysis, enabling traders to more effectively analyse price action and implement technical strategies. 

What are the Limitations of Candlestick Patterns?

The main limitation of candlestick patterns is that they often fail in ranging or choppy markets. Price action triggers candlestick patterns that quickly fail or reverse. According to “Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets” by John J. Murphy, the reliability of candlestick patterns drops significantly in non-trending markets, with an accuracy rate falling to as low as 40%.

Additionally, candlestick analysis is subjective – different traders interpret the same pattern differently.  It is necessary to obtain confirmation from additional indicators.  Furthermore, false breaks and failed reversals occur if there is inadequate momentum to sustain the expected move. Finally, most candlestick patterns require subsequent price confirmation rather than simply acting on the pattern itself. 

How to Combine Candlesticks with Other Technical Indicators?

Candlestick charts are combined with moving averages to identify support and resistance, indicators like RSI to confirm overbought/oversold conditions, and Bollinger Bands to highlight volatility. 

The incorporation of moving averages into a candlestick chart facilitates the identification of dynamic support and resistance levels. According to a study by the Technical Analysis Society of America (TASA), combining candlestick patterns with moving averages and momentum indicators improved trade accuracy by an average of 20-25% across various markets and timeframes. 

Volume-weighted average price (VWAP) is another useful indicator that traders often use with candlesticks to identify intraday support and resistance levels. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a popular indicator that is used in conjunction with candlestick patterns to verify overbought or oversold conditions. Indicators such as Bollinger Bands are often employed in conjunction with candlesticks to identify periods of high or low volatility.  

How to Learn Candlestick Patterns?

The best ways to learn candlestick patterns are through books, research papers, online courses, and practice. 

• Books for Learning Candlesticks

Book Title	Author	Description
How to Make Money Trading with Candlestick Charts	Balkrishna M. Sadekar	A practical guide to using candlestick charts for profitable trading strategies.
Candlestick Charting for Dummies	Russell Rhoads	An accessible introduction to understanding and using candlestick charting.
The Candlestick Course	Steve Nison	A comprehensive workbook for mastering candlestick charting techniques.
The Ultimate Guide to Candlestick Chart Patterns	Steve Burns and Atanas Matov	A detailed exploration of various candlestick patterns and their applications.
Don’t Trade Before Learning These 14 Candlestick Patterns	P. Arul Pandi	A focused guide on the most essential candlestick patterns for traders.
Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques	Steve Nison	The classic book that introduced Japanese candlestick charting to the West.
Beyond Candlesticks: New Japanese Charting Techniques Revealed	Steve Nison	Explores advanced candlestick techniques and their practical uses in trading.
High Profit Candlestick Patterns	Stephen Bigalow	Offers insights into high-profit trading strategies using candlestick patterns.
Candlestick Charting Explained: Timeless Techniques for Trading Stocks and Sutures	Gregory L. Morris	Explains the timeless techniques of candlestick charting for modern traders.
21 Candlesticks Every Trader Should Know	Dr. Pasternak	Highlights 21 key candlestick patterns essential for improving trading performance.

• Candlestick Patterns Research papers

Research Paper Title	Authors	Description
Candlestick Technical Trading Strategies: Can They Create Value for Investors?	Marshall Ben R., Young Martin R., Rose Lawrence C.	Examines the effectiveness of candlestick trading strategies in creating value for investors.
Profitable Candlestick Trading Strategies—The Evidence from a New Perspective	Upreti, A., Agrawal, A., Joshi, J. K., Seniaray, S.	Investigates the profitability of specific candlestick patterns in currency markets.
Encoding Candlesticks as Images for Pattern Classification Using CNN	Jun-Hao Chen, Yun-Cheng Tsai	Proposes a method using convolutional neural networks to classify candlestick patterns.
Quantitative Study of Candlestick Pattern & Identifying Patterns Using Deep Learning	Upreti, A., Agrawal, A., Joshi, J. K., Seniaray, S.	Explores the use of deep learning to identify candlestick patterns in the Indian stock market.
The Predictive Power of Japanese Candlestick Charting in the Chinese Stock Market	Chen, Shi, Si Bao, Yu Zhou	Analyzes the predictive accuracy of candlestick charting in the Chinese stock market.
Improving Stock Trading Decisions Based on Pattern Recognition Using Machine Learning	Yaohu Lin, Shancun Liu, Haijun Yang, Harris Wu, Bingbing Jiang	Uses machine learning to enhance stock trading decisions through pattern recognition.
Stock Trend Prediction Using Candlestick Charting and Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques	Yaohu Lin, Shancun Liu, Haijun Yang, Harris Wu	Combines candlestick charting with machine learning for improved stock trend prediction.
Using Deep Learning Neural Networks and Candlestick Chart Representation to Predict Stock Market	Rosdyana Mangir Irawan Kusuma, Trang-Thi Ho, Wei-Chun Kao, Yu-Yen Ou, Kai-Lung Hua	Applies deep learning to predict stock market trends using candlestick charts.
A Systematic Review of Fundamental and Technical Analysis of Stock Market Predictions	Nti, Isaac Kofi, Adebayo Felix Adekoya, Benjamin Asubam Weyori	Reviews the integration of fundamental and technical analysis in stock market prediction.
Candlestick Pattern Research Analysis, Future and Beyond: A Systematic Literature Review Using PRISMA	Soetam Rizky Wicaksono	Conducts a systematic literature review on the application of candlestick patterns in stock trading.

Are Candlestick Patterns Reliable?

Candlestick patterns serve as reliable indicators for traders when implemented appropriately. There are various types of charts like candlesticks, lines, bar charts etc. that traders use for analysing price action.

Candlestick patterns on certain chart types like Heikin-Ashi and Renko charts sometimes provide more reliable signals than regular candlestick charts. However, no single indicator or pattern works perfectly all the time. Candlestick patterns are most reliable when combined with other confirmation indicators to improve the robustness of trade signals. 

What is the Success Rate of Candlestick Patterns?

The candlestick patterns have a success rate of approximately 50-60% on average when used properly. This means that following candlestick patterns correctly predicts market direction about half to three-fifths of the time. The trader’s competence and the market conditions, however, are significant factors in determining success.

A study by candlestick patterns expert Steve Nison analysed 6 major patterns (Engulfing, Harami, etc.) on S&P 500 data from 1990-1999 and found an average 53.6% win rate for signals generated by the patterns over the 10-year period.

What is the 5-Min Candle Strategy?

The 5-minute candle strategy is a short-term intraday trading technique that uses 5-minute candlestick charts to make trading decisions. Traders look for certain candlestick patterns like doji, engulfing or hammer/shooting stars to enter and exit trades within a day. Traders strengthen a particular strategy by combining candlestick patterns, indicators and other price action tools.

The strategy is designed to profit from minor intraday price fluctuations by employing technical analysis of 5-minute candlesticks. A study titled “Evaluating Short-Term Trading Strategies on Intraday Time Scales: A Comparison of Candlestick Techniques on the S&P 500” published by Sahin and Akpinar reported that a 5-minute candlestick pattern strategy achieved an average annual return of 11.8% compared to 7.5% for a buy-and-hold strategy over the examined period, providing a quantitative analysis showing the potential profitability of candlestick patterns on high-frequency 5-minute charts.

What is a 3-Candle Rule?

The 3-candle rule is a trading strategy that uses candlestick patterns to identify potential entry and exit points. Traders look for a sequence of 3 candles where the first candle moves in one direction, the second candle reverses, and the third candle confirms the reversal. The objective of this rule is to capture short-term changes in market momentum and increase the probability of being on the right side of the emerging trend.

A study titled “An Empirical Evaluation of the Profitability of Candlestick Trading Rules in Currency Markets” published in the Journal of Futures Markets in 2014 by Poshakwale and Govardhana from Mumbai University found a 58% average winning percentage across 30 forex currency pairs from 2003-2013 when entering trades confirmed by the 3-candle rule.